Notes on Rome and Julius Caesar

 6th Form Classical Studies Kapiti College 2000 Carol Wallis By Andrew Ririe 

• Athenian Democracy • Rome Notes 


ROME TIMELINE 

100 BC Julius Caesar Born 
80 BC Pompey the Great conquers territory in Africa for Rome 
71 BC Pompey helps end the slave rebellion
 60 BC 1st Triumvirate (Pompey, Caesar, Crassus) 
50 BC Caesar crosses the Rubicon Civil War Pompey killed in Egypt Caesar in dictator in Rome 
44 BC Caesar was assassinated Conflict between Octavian and Anthony 
30 BC Anthony & Cleopatra were defeated by Octavian 
29 BC Octavian assumes the title Augustus 
4AD Birth of Christ Emperors: Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, Claudius,Nero 
64 AD Persecution of Christians begins 
79 AD Pompeii Destroyed 

Rome in the Age of the Caesars 
The time period covering the last Century B.C. and 1st Century AD was a period of great change in Rome. The Republic was when the Senate dominated, and the Roman army grew in strength. An example of this was the ability of Julius Caesar to control his army around 50 BC. After this, the republic was replaced with an Emperor. The first is Augustus. 

The questions we look at are? 

1) Who were the Caesars?
2) What was life like under their rule?
3) How did Romans entertain themselves? 
4) What evidence is there of everyday Roman life? 

Julius Caesar 

Oratory Skills 

• Good at speaking
• Made clever remarks 
• Cleverly chosen words 
• Gained popularity 
• Skills as an army general 
• Popular because he gave holidays
• Raised more 
• Gave Farms 
• Swordsmen and Horsemen
 • Never fell for ambushes 

Famous Event Crossing the Rubicon 

  • He thought about his actions 
  • Talked to his friends 

Famous Event: Ides of March 

The 15th of March was the clay of his death. Stabbed many times. 

Augustus Caesar Feature Augustus comes to power 

■ Joined with Mark Anthony 
■ Divided Empire Anthony east, Augustus West
 ■ War against Egypt 
■ Augustus defeats Mark 

Augustus faces problems 

■ Anthony neglects duties
 ■ Augustus beats Anthony 
■ How do I stay in power? 
■ Family plots against him 

Augustus' relationship with the Senate? 

■ Showed that he respected the Senate
 ■ Senate allowed him to run the government 
Augustus ruled a peaceful empire 
■ There were fewer wars 
■ Won over the poor people 
■ Civil servants were trained 

Resource Interpretation, What does it tell us about Augustus 
A) Aug's Inscription He is bigheaded.
 He wants to let everyone know about his great assets. 
B) Roman Historian Tacitus
Aug is a generous and kind man. He gave stuff away. 
C) Roman Historian Suetonius
  1. He was brutal. 
  2. He took revenge 
  3. cut people's heads off and showed no mercy. 
D) Poet Horace 
A fair. man, trustworthy, peaceful, self-respect, and decency. 


Questions Re: AUGUSTUS 


What was Augustus's relationship with the Roman Senate? 

1. He showed them respect. He allowed them to carry on as they usually had. It was clever of him to keep the senate happy. 

2. Give two different opinions of what Augustus was like "All-conquering in war, and yet not unfair...." 

"He showed no mercy to his beaten enemies" 

3. What reforms did Augustus bring to Rome? Repaired temples, Gladiator shows, peace to Gaul, 

Germany, and Spain. Roman Society Roman citizens: People were either born Roman citizens or in special circumstances made Roman Citizens. 

Pyramid Top to bottom 

  • Senators 600 leading politicians Came from noble families 
  • Knights Between 5,000 and 10,000 rich men eg. 
  • Bankers Allowed voting 
  • Plebeians About 500,000 ordinary men 
  • Many poor Shop Keepers and craftsmen were Allowed to voting 
  • Women, Foreigners, and Slaves were Not allowed to vote
  • Slaves often from conquered lands 

SPQR 

This means "The senate and the people of Rome. It was on every coin and was on the Roman standard (banner) when they went into battle. 

PATRON — CLIENT NETWORK 

  1. Every Roman man received advice and protection from a man in a higher class than he did. 
  2. To this man, he owed loyalty and service. 
  3. The man who offered his support to a lower-ranked person was a patron. 
  4. They were his clients. 
  5. The patron-client must have a client of his own. 
  6. Duties Help out with money
  7. Give legal advice
  8. Invite the client to dinner 


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